The great thing about industry “standards” is there are so many choices available. Comparing the Options – 400ZR/OpenZR+/Multi-Haul While still early in development, new 400ZR, OpenROADM, and OpenZR+ interface specifications enable WDM line interoperability, so carriers can mix and match coherent interfaces from different vendors across their networks. Since achieving near Shannon limits on performance, much of the recent industry focus has shifted to expanding capacity by using C+L WDM line systems, along with developing pluggable coherent optics to meet growing capacity needs in metro-based data center interconnect (DCI) and cloud applications. Open WDM line systems (amplifiers, in-line amplifiers) support transponders from different vendors, often referred to as “alien wavelengths,” but the transponders at both ends of the network have to be paired from the same vendor. Each vendor developed their own mix of coherent DSP specifications, optical interfaces specifications, and forward error correction (FEC) algorithms that precluded interoperability between vendor transponders. While the optical networking industry’s technical achievements over the last 10 years have been impressive, they were also based on proprietary implementations. New generations of multi-modulation, multi-baud rate transponders enable flexible WDM line interfaces with capacities close to Shannon limits on every optical route (Figure 1). Since then, ongoing improvements in optical technology and coherent DSPs have resulted in wavelength capacities increasing from 100G to over 600G per wavelength. The introduction of 100G coherent optical interfaces in 2010 dramatically expanded network capacity, while at the same time lowering the cost per bit for optical networks.
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